The Sultanate and the Barangay are both early political systems in the Philippines before the Spanish colonization. SimilaritiesLeadership – The Sultanate was ruled by a Sultan, while the Barangay was led by a Datu. Both leaders were respected, powerful, and responsible for order in their areas.Advisers – The Sultan had advisers like the Bichara, while the Datu also had elders and warriors as counselors.Laws – Both had laws based on customs (adat or ugali ng pamayanan). The Sultanate also followed Islamic law (Sharia) and teachings of the Qur’an.Community role – Both aimed to keep peace, settle conflicts, and guide their people in daily life.