formation of concentrated urine
Answer (1)
Answer:1. Filtration (in the Glomerulus)Blood enters the glomerulus, where water, ions, glucose, and waste are filtered out of the blood into the Bowman’s capsule. Large molecules like proteins and blood cells remain in the blood.---2. Reabsorption (in the Proximal Tubule and Loop of Henle)Useful substances such as glucose, amino acids, and most of the water are reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.In the Loop of Henle, especially the descending limb, water is reabsorbed due to the high salt concentration in the surrounding medulla. In the ascending limb, salts like Na⁺ and Cl⁻ are actively transported out, but water cannot follow, creating a concentrated environment in the medulla.---3. Secretion (in the Distal Tubule)Additional waste products and excess ions are secreted into the tubule.---4. Final Concentration (in the Collecting Duct)As the filtrate passes through the collecting duct, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) plays a crucial role. When the body needs to conserve water (e.g., during dehydration), ADH increases the permeability of the collecting duct walls, allowing more water to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream.This results in less water in the urine, making it highly concentrated.---Summary:Loop of Henle and collecting ducts are key to water reabsorption.ADH controls water retention.Concentrated urine helps the body maintain water balance and prevent dehydration.
