how can scientists synthesize elements in laboratory?
Answer (1)
Scientists synthesize elements in the lab by forcing atomic nuclei to collide and fuse. This process is called nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation, depending on the method used. 1. Particle AcceleratorsScientists use machines like cyclotrons or linear accelerators to speed up lighter atomic nuclei. These high-speed particles are then smashed into heavier target atoms.Example: To create element 118 (oganesson), scientists bombarded californium-249 with calcium-48 ions.Result: If the two nuclei stick together, a new, heavier element is formed.2. Nuclear ReactorsSome elements (like plutonium-239) are made by bombarding uranium with neutrons inside nuclear reactors. The uranium nucleus absorbs the neutron and changes into another element after radioactive decay.3. Fusion ReactionsThis method mimics what happens in stars. Light elements (like hydrogen isotopes) are fused under extreme heat and pressure to form heavier ones. Fusion is mostly used in experimental energy research, but it helps scientists understand how heavier elements are formed naturally in stars.
