The independent variable (IV) is the fertilizer that's what he's changing or adding.The dependent variable (DV) is the growth of the grass - that's what he's observing or measuring to see the effect.Difference between Independent Variable and Dependent VariableIV (Independent Variable) – This is what you change on purpose in an experiment. Think of it as the cause.DV (Dependent Variable) – This is what you measure or observe in response. Think of it as the effect.