The answer is d. marcotting.Marcotting is a vegetative plant propagation technique in which roots are encouraged to form on a part of the stem or branch while it is still attached to the parent plant. This is done by wounding or girdling the stem, applying rooting hormone, then wrapping it with moist material like sphagnum moss and plastic to maintain moisture. Once roots develop, the rooted portion can be cut off and planted as a new independent plant.