The basic states are liquid, solid, and gas. It should be noted that a particualr diagram such as this relies on the pressure and temperature. For example, water can exist in all three phases: 1) Ice (solid) when the temperature is low or the pressure is high, 2) Water (liquid) when the temperature rises and/or the pressure is reduced.=, 3) Gas, (steam) when the temperature rises and/or the pressure is reduced further. Particle motion is low in solids, higher in liquids, and highest in gases. They are in a rigid arrangement as a solid, less so as a liquid, and move freely as a gas. Temperature is a measure of particle motion. Particles in rapid motion, such as gases, often exhibit higher temperatures (depending on other factors such as pressure).Common to all phases:1) Particles are made up of atoms, ions, or molecules2) They all have mass3) They all take up space (volume)4) Temperature is an indication of their relative motion.