Changes in the states of matter, specifically solid, liquid, and gas, occur through processes like melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, and deposition, driven by the addition or removal of thermal energy (heat). Key Changes of State:Melting: Solid to liquid (e.g., ice melting into water).Freezing (or Solidification): Liquid to solid (e.g., water freezing into ice).Vaporization (or Evaporation/Boiling): Liquid to gas (e.g., water boiling to steam).Condensation: Gas to liquid (e.g., steam turning back into water droplets).Sublimation: Solid to gas without passing through the liquid phase (e.g., dry ice turning directly into carbon dioxide gas).Deposition: Gas to solid without passing through the liquid phase (e.g., frost forming from water vapor).