Mendelian inheritanceMendelian inheritance describes trait inheritance patterns following Mendel's laws, involving single genes with dominant and recessive alleles showing predictable phenotypic ratios in offspring. This simple model assumes complete dominance, independent assortment, and traits controlled by one gene.Non-mendelian inheritanceNon-Mendelian inheritance encompasses all inheritance patterns deviating from Mendel's laws. These include incomplete dominance (intermediate phenotypes), codominance (both alleles expressed), multiple alleles, polygenic inheritance (multiple genes affecting one trait), pleiotropy (one gene affecting multiple traits), epistasis (one gene modifying another's expression), sex-linked inheritance, and extranuclear inheritance.