18 parts of the cell and their funtion
Answer (1)
1. Cell Membrane – A thin, flexible barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell. 2. Cell Wall (in plants, fungi, bacteria) – Rigid outer layer that provides protection and support. 3. Cytoplasm – Jelly-like fluid inside the cell where organelles are suspended and many chemical reactions occur. 4. Nucleus – Contains the cell’s DNA and controls cell activities and growth. 5. Nucleolus – Located inside the nucleus; produces ribosomes. 6. Chromosomes – Structures made of DNA that carry genetic information. 7. Ribosomes – Sites of protein synthesis in the cell. 8. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – Network of membranes involved in protein (rough ER) and lipid (smooth ER) synthesis and transport. 9. Golgi Apparatus – Packages and ships proteins and lipids within or outside the cell. 10. Mitochondria – Known as the powerhouse of the cell; produces energy (ATP) through respiration. 11. Lysosomes – Contain enzymes that digest waste and worn-out cell parts. 12. Chloroplasts (in plants) – Carry out photosynthesis to make food using sunlight. 13. Vacuoles – Store water, nutrients, and waste; large in plant cells to maintain pressure. 14. Cytoskeleton – A network of fibers that maintain the cell’s shape and assist in movement and transport. 15. Peroxisomes – Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances. 16. Centrioles (in animal cells) – Help in cell division by organizing spindle fibers. 17. Vesicles – Small sacs that transport materials within the cell. 18. Cytosol – The fluid part of the cytoplasm where metabolic reactions occur.
