1. DiamondJewelry (engagement rings, earrings, brooches)Industrial uses: cutting, drilling, polishing tools, saw blades, drill bitsAutomotive industry componentsWindows for lasers and x-ray machinesMedical tools (dental drills)Audio equipment (speakers, record player needles)Beauty products (diamond-based exfoliators)Heat sinks in electronics2. CorundumGemstones (sapphires, rubies) used in jewelryIndustrial abrasives such as sandpapers and grinding wheelsBearings and other industrial components3. TopazGemstones in necklaces, rings, pendants, earrings (jewelry)4. QuartzUsed in making bricks, ceramics, cementComponents in clocks (cuvettes)Glass manufacturing5. OrthoclaseUsed in ceramics and porcelainGlass production6. ApatiteSource of phosphate fertilizersAnimal feed supplementsOccasionally used as a gemstone7. FluoriteIngredient in toothpaste (e.g., Colgate)Foam blowing agentsUsed in some industrial processes8. CalciteUsed in cement and concreteAgricultural soil fertilizers