the different atomic theories and model
Answer (1)
ture and behavior. These include Dalton's solid sphere model, Thomson's plum pudding model, Rutherford's nuclear model, Bohr's planetary model, and the modern quantum mechanical model. Here's a breakdown of the key models:1. Dalton's Atomic Theory (1803):Dalton proposed that matter is composed of indivisible and indestructible atoms, that all atoms of a given element are identical, and that atoms combine in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds. This model is often referred to as the "billiard ball" model. 2. Thomson's Plum Pudding Model (1897):J.J. Thomson's model depicted the atom as a sphere with a positive charge, with electrons embedded within it, like plums in a pudding. This model was based on his discovery of the electron. 3. Rutherford's Nuclear Model (1911):Rutherford's model proposed that the atom has a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at its center, with electrons orbiting around it. This model was developed after his gold foil experiment, which showed that atoms have a central nucleus. 4. Bohr's Model (1913):Bohr's model refined Rutherford's by suggesting that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific, quantized energy levels or shells. Electrons can jump between these levels by absorbing or emitting energy. 5. Quantum Mechanical Model (Modern):This model, developed later, describes electrons as existing in orbitals, which are regions of probability rather than fixed paths. It incorporates wave-particle duality and quantum mechanics to explain electron behavior.
