Give me 5 types of atomic models,Author/Scientist,year.define the model. 5 each
Answer (1)
Answer:1. Dalton's Atomic ModelAuthor/Scientist: John DaltonYear: 1803Definition: Proposed that all matter is made of indivisible, indestructible atoms that are like solid spheres. Atoms of the same element are identical in mass and properties, while atoms of different elements have different masses and properties. Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms, not their creation or destruction.2. Thomson's Plum Pudding ModelAuthor/Scientist: J.J. ThomsonYear: 1897Definition: After discovering electrons, Thomson proposed that atoms consist of a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded throughout, like plums in a pudding. The positive and negative charges were thought to be evenly distributed, making the atom electrically neutral overall.3. Rutherford's Nuclear ModelAuthor/Scientist: Ernest RutherfordYear: 1911Definition: Based on his gold foil experiment, Rutherford proposed that atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center containing most of the atom's mass. Electrons orbit around this nucleus in the mostly empty space of the atom, similar to planets orbiting the sun.4. Bohr's Planetary ModelAuthor/Scientist: Niels BohrYear: 1913Definition: Bohr refined Rutherford's model by proposing that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific, fixed energy levels or shells. Electrons can jump between these levels by absorbing or emitting specific amounts of energy. This model successfully explained the hydrogen atom's spectral lines.5. Quantum Mechanical ModelAuthor/Scientist: Erwin Schrödinger (with contributions from Heisenberg, de Broglie, and others)Year: 1926Definition: This current model describes electrons not as particles in fixed orbits, but as wave-like entities existing in probability clouds called orbitals. The exact position of an electron cannot be determined, only the probability of finding it in a certain region. This model incorporates wave-particle duality and the uncertainty principle.
