Answer:Here’s a clear and concise introduction for your research topic: Unpermitted vendors in public markets pose significant challenges to the regulation and smooth operation of these spaces. Operating without proper authorization, these vendors often disrupt the order of the market, create unfair competition for legitimate sellers, and can contribute to health and safety concerns. To address these issues, public offices implement various countermeasures aimed at regulating vendor activities and maintaining market order. This study explores the strategies employed by public authorities to manage unpermitted vendors, evaluate their effectiveness, and recommend ways to improve the management of public markets for the benefit of vendors, consumers, and the community.