what are the factors of solubility
Answer (1)
The primary factors influencing solubility are: temperature, pressure, polarity (solute-solvent interactions), and molecular size. Additionally, the nature of the solute and solvent, and factors like stirring or surface area can play a role. Here's a breakdown of each factor:Temperature:Generally, increasing the temperature increases the solubility of most solids in liquids. However, the solubility of gases decreases with increasing temperature. Pressure:Pressure primarily affects the solubility of gases. Higher pressure leads to increased gas solubility. Polarity:"Like dissolves like." Polar solutes tend to dissolve in polar solvents (e.g., water), while nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents (e.g., oil). Molecular Size:Larger molecules can be more difficult to dissolve because they require more solvent to surround and solvate them. Nature of Solute and Solvent:The specific chemical properties of the solute and solvent play a crucial role in determining solubility. Stirring/Agitation:Stirring or shaking increases the rate at which a solute dissolves by bringing fresh solvent into contact with the solute. Surface Area:Reducing the particle size of a solid (e.g., by crushing it) increases the surface area exposed to the solvent, thus increasing solubility. Complex Ion Formation:The formation of complex ions can affect solubility by removing ions from the solution equilibria.
