Values Education (Val.Ed) and Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP) both aim to teach students good values, but they differ in scope and approach.Values Education (Val.Ed)Focused on universal values like honesty, respect, discipline.More traditional and often includes religion-based morality.It was mostly lecture-based and taught as a separate subject.Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP)A more modern approach to character education under the K–12 curriculum.Focused on holistic development: isip (thinking), kilos (action), and loob (will/emotion).Uses real-life situations, values clarification, and decision-making as part of the learning process.Emphasizes moral reasoning and self-awareness.