Drying – Removing water to prevent bacterial growth (e.g., dried fish, dried mangoes).Freezing – Slows down bacterial activity by keeping food at low temperatures (e.g., frozen meat).Canning – Sealing food in airtight containers with heat to kill microbes (e.g., canned sardines).Pickling – Preserving food in vinegar or brine (e.g., atchara).Fermenting – Using microorganisms to alter food properties (e.g., yogurt, kimchi).Smoking – Exposing food to smoke for flavor and preservation (e.g., tinapa).Salting – Using salt to draw out moisture (e.g., tuyo).Pasteurization – Heating liquids like milk to kill harmful bacteria.Vacuum Packing – Removing air before sealing food in plastic.Blanching – Brief boiling followed by cooling to preserve color and texture (used in vegetables).