ical properties related to its composition, size, and structure. These include particle size, shape, density, porosity, permeability, and its ability to absorb water. The specific properties can vary depending on the type of sand and its origin. Key Physical Properties of Sand:Particle Size and Distribution:Sand particles generally range from 0.0625 mm to 2 mm in diameter. The size distribution, or the range of particle sizes present in a sample, can vary widely. Shape and Texture:Sand grains can be round, angular, or sharp depending on their formation and transport. This affects their ability to pack together and their overall texture. Density and Specific Gravity:Sand has a specific gravity of around 2.64. Its bulk density, or density per unit volume, can also vary. Porosity and Permeability:Sand is typically porous, meaning it has spaces between the grains, allowing for good water drainage and air circulation. Its permeability, or ability to allow fluids to pass through, is also high due to these pores. Water Absorption:Sand can absorb a certain amount of water, which can vary depending on factors like particle size and shape. Thermal Conductivity:Sand can conduct heat, although it is not a particularly good conductor. Angle of Repose:This is the angle at which a pile of sand will naturally rest without collapsing. Crushability:The ability of sand grains to be crushed or broken down under pressure.