Answer:The main reason for the fall of communism in Europe was the rise of civil society and democratic movements. First, grassroots movements, such as Solidarity in Poland, empowered citizens to challenge authoritarian regimes, leading to widespread demands for political reform. Second, the failure of the Soviet Union to maintain control, highlighted by Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of glasnost and perestroika, weakened communist authority and inspired other nations in Eastern Europe to seek independence. Together, these forces dismantled the communist narrative and facilitated a wave of democratization across the continent.