The Roman Empire was not a modern nation-state; it was a vast territory that included many areas that now make up modern countries, but it was not a single country as we understand the term today. The Roman Empire encompassed a diverse range of lands, including regions of Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, all under Roman rule at different times. Its capital city was Rome, located in modern-day Italy. Here are some of the modern countries that were once part of the Roman Empire: Albania, Austria, Algeria, Belgium, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Egypt, England, France, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Luxembourg, Moldova, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, and Wales.