III.State and explain the level of measurement for the following: 1.Patients in psychiatric hospital may be classified as being schizophrenic, manic-depressive, or psychoneurotic. 2.Pulse rate, leukocyte count, blood pressure and temperature. 3.Pain of patient’s categories as mild, moderate, extreme, horrible and excoriating 4.The ratio of the patients which has communicable and no communicable disease in the PGH is 34 is to 89. 5.Mark a patient with tachycardia has a temperature of 38.5
Answer (1)
1. Nominal- This is a categorical variable where the categories are simply labels with no inherent order or ranking. In this case, "schizophrenic," "manic-depressive," and "psychoneurotic" are distinct mental health conditions with no implied hierarchy.2. Ratio- This level of measurement has a true zero point and equal intervals between values. Pulse rate, leukocyte count, blood pressure, and temperature all have absolute zero values and can be meaningfully compared. For example, a temperature of 38.5 degrees Celsius is twice as hot as 19.25 degrees Celsius.3. Ordinal- This level of measurement has a clear order or ranking, but the intervals between categories are not necessarily equal. Pain levels categorized as mild, moderate, extreme, horrible, and excoriating represent a progression of severity, but the difference between mild and moderate might not be the same as the difference between extreme and horrible.4. Ratio- This is a ratio variable as it represents a true proportion. The ratio of communicable to non-communicable patients (34:89) indicates the relative frequency of each condition.5. Interval- This level of measurement has equal intervals between values, but there is no true zero point. Temperature in Celsius or Fahrenheit is an example of an interval variable. While 38.5 degrees is twice as many degrees as 19.25 degrees, it doesn't mean that 38.5 degrees is twice as hot as 19.25 degrees in an absolute sense (since zero degrees Celsius is not the absence of heat).Key points about levels of measurement:Nominal: Categories are distinct and have no inherent order.Ordinal: Categories have a clear order, but intervals are not equal.Interval: Equal intervals between values, but no true zero point.Ratio: True zero point and equal intervals between values.
