what is natural selection in evolution
Answer (1)
Natural selection is the process by which certain traits become more common in a population over time due to their advantageous effects on survival and reproduction. The mechanism involves: Variation: There is natural variation in traits within a population. Inheritance: Traits are passed from parents to offspring. Differential Survival and Reproduction: Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. Adaptation: Over generations, advantageous traits become more common, leading to adaptation to the environment. Examples: Peppered Moth: In industrial England, the peppered moth population shifted from predominantly light-colored to predominantly dark-colored due to pollution darkening tree bark. Dark-colored moths had better camouflage and higher survival rates. Darwin's Finches: On the Galápagos Islands, finches evolved different beak shapes to exploit different food sources. Those with beak shapes suited to available food had higher survival and reproduction rates.
