What are the fundamental differences between classical-medieval and modern political philosophy
Answer (1)
Answer:Classical-medieval and modern political philosophy differ fundamentally in their focus, methodology, and underlying assumptions:- Focus on Community vs. Individual• Classical-medieval political philosophy emphasized the community's role in fostering virtue and excellence, as seen in Aristotle's Politics, where humans are considered "political animals" thriving within a collective framework.• Modern political philosophy shifted toward individual rights and autonomy, with thinkers like Locke and Rousseau prioritizing liberty and personal freedom.- Role of Religion• Religion was central to classical-medieval thought, influencing governance and societal norms, especially in works by Plato, Aristotle, and medieval Christian, Jewish, and Islamic scholars.• Modern political philosophy often separates religion from politics, reflecting secularism post-Reformation, as seen in Locke and Kant's works.- Use of Reason vs. Passion• Classical-medieval theorists prioritized reason to achieve justice and virtuous leadership (e.g., Plato's philosopher-kings).• Modern thinkers like Hobbes emphasized human emotions and passions as drivers of political behavior.- Concept of Liberty• Classical liberty was tied to participation in the community or city-state, emphasizing collective freedom.• Modern liberty focuses on individual emancipation from collective constraints, prioritizing personal interests over communal goals.
