Answer:1. GermanySide: AxisLeader: Adolf HitlerYear Joined: 1939 (with the invasion of Poland)Reason for Joining: To pursue territorial expansion and establish a Greater German EmpirePost-War: Defeated in 1945, Germany was divided and occupied by Allied forces; later reconstructed and reunified as a peaceful democratic nation.2. ItalySide: AxisLeader: Benito MussoliniYear Joined: 1940Reason for Joining: To revive the Roman Empire through expansion and align with Hitler due to shared fascist ideologiesPost-War: Switched to the Allied side in 1943; transitioned to a democratic republic and focused on economic development.3. JapanSide: AxisLeader: Emperor HirohitoYear Joined: 1940 (Tripartite Pact)Reason for Joining: To dominate Asia and the Pacific through militaristic and expansionist policiesPost-War: Surrendered in 1945 after atomic bombings; rebuilt as a peaceful and economically advanced nation.