can someone please explain to me what's the process of cell division?
Answer (1)
Answer:The basic process by which a single cell divides into two or more daughter cells is called cell division. All living things depend on this process for development, repair, and reproduction. In eukaryotic (nucleated) organisms, there are two primary forms of cell division: meiosis and mitosis. The Overall Procedure (concentrating on the division of a single cell into two):Cell Development and Preparation: A cell must develop and replicate its genetic material (DNA) before it can divide. There are multiple sub-phases within this phase, which is known as interphase (G1, S, and G2). The cell divides its chromosomes during the S phase (synthesis), producing two identical copies known as sister chromatids that are connected at a point known as the centromere.Nuclear Division (Mitosis or Meiosis): The cell's nucleus divides during this phase. The precise procedures and results of meiosis and mitosis are very different.Two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell are produced during the process of mitosis. It is employed in asexual reproduction, growth, and repair. Usually, mitosis is separated into four major stages: Prophase: Condensation makes the chromosomes visible. The nuclear envelope begins to disintegrate, and the microtubule-based mitotic spindle starts to take shape.Metaphase: Along the metaphase plate, the chromosomes align at the cell's center. Each sister chromatid's centromere is where spindle fibers are attached.Anaphase: The shortening spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids to the opposite poles of the cell after they split apart at the centromere.Telophase: The chromosomes start to decondense as they approach the poles. Two distinct nuclei are formed when the nuclear envelope reorganizes around every pair of chromosomes. The spindle of mitosis vanishes.Meiosis. This process produces four daughter cells with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell and a genetically distinct makeup. Gametes, or sperm and egg cells, are produced during sexual reproduction.The two rounds of division that make up meiosis, known as meiosis I and II, have phases that are comparable to those of mitosis but have some significant differences. For example, in meiosis I, homologous chromosomes—chromosomes that have the same genes but may be different versions—are paired and separated.Through independent assortment and crossing over, or the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, this process produces genetic variation (homologous chromosomes separated at random). Cytoplasmic Division (Cytokinesis): The cell's cytoplasm splits after the nucleus does, physically dividing the cell into two (in mitosis) or four (in meiosis) daughter cells. Animal and plant cells use different cytokinesis mechanisms. Animal cells are pinched in two by a cleavage furrow. A cell plate develops in the center of plant cells and spreads outward to form a new cell wall that divides the daughter cells.
