1. Instability and Uncertainty: Political conflicts, corruption, or unstable governments can create uncertainty, discouraging both local and foreign investments. This slows down economic growth.2. Government Policies: Decisions on taxation, trade regulations, and spending directly impact businesses and consumers. Favorable policies promote growth, while poor policies can hinder it.3. Corruption and Mismanagement: When government funds are misused or misallocated, public services and infrastructure suffer, limiting economic progress.4. International Relations: Political tensions or trade conflicts with other countries can lead to sanctions or reduced trade, which negatively impacts the economy.5. Public Protests and Strikes: Frequent protests or strikes can disrupt business operations, reduce productivity, and weaken economic performance.