1. List down at least 3 Filipino indigenous knowledge, beliefs or practices and discuss each of their role in the development of science and technology in the Philippines.
2. Enumerate the major contributions of science and technology in Philippines' nation- building. Cite one specific example to prove your claim.
3. Identify at least 3 examples of Filipino values, belief system, norms and ways of life that has either Spanish or American influences. Explain each briefly.
Answer (1)
1. Filipino Indigenous Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices in Science and TechnologyA. Herbal MedicineIndigenous Filipinos have long used plants like lagundi (for cough) and sambong (for kidney problems).This knowledge led to the development of herbal medicine research and the recognition of traditional healing practices in modern pharmacology.B. Rice Terraces Farming (Banaue Rice Terraces)The Ifugaos built the Banaue Rice Terraces using ancient engineering techniques that conserve water and soil.This reflects early agricultural innovation and sustainable land management, influencing modern terrace farming methods.C. Traditional Boat-making (Balangay Ships)The Balangay was used for trade and navigation, showcasing advanced woodworking and maritime skills.This contributed to shipbuilding technology and inspired modern naval architecture in the country.2. Contributions of Science and Technology in Nation-BuildingA. Agriculture and Food SecurityDevelopment of high-yield rice varieties (IRRI - International Rice Research Institute) has improved food production.This helped reduce hunger and boost economic growth.B. Health and Medicine - The creation of local vaccines and herbal medicine research has strengthened the healthcare system.C. Infrastructure and TransportationAdvanced road networks, bridges, and railway projects support economic development and trade.Example: The introduction of hybrid rice by IRRI helped increase rice production, reducing the country’s dependence on imports.3. Filipino Values and Beliefs Influenced by Spain or AmericaA. Catholicism (Spanish Influence)Spain introduced Christianity, which shaped Filipino traditions like Simbang Gabi and religious fiestas.Today, Catholicism remains a dominant religion, influencing moral values and customs.B. Democratic System (American Influence)The U.S. introduced a democratic government, leading to the current political structure of the Philippines.This allowed Filipinos to practice voting, freedom of speech, and human rights advocacy.C. Education System (American Influence)The U.S. established public schools, making education accessible to many Filipinos.English became a primary language in schools, which improved global communication and job opportunities.
