Explain the concept of reverse bias and forward bias in diodes. How do these biases affect the diode's operation?help plss.
Answer (1)
Reverse Bias and Forward Bias in DiodesA diode is a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction only. The way a diode is connected in a circuit determines its operation, and this is described using forward bias and reverse bias conditions.1. Forward BiasIn forward bias, the positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the anode (P-type) of the diode, and the negative terminal is connected to the cathode (N-type).Effects on Diode Operation:The external voltage reduces the depletion region, allowing current to flow easily.When the voltage applied reaches the threshold voltage (typically 0.7V for silicon diodes and 0.3V for germanium diodes), the diode starts conducting.Once conducting, the diode has a very low resistance, allowing a significant amount of current to pass.2. Reverse BiasIn reverse bias, the positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the cathode (N-type), and the negative terminal is connected to the anode (P-type).Effects on Diode Operation:The external voltage increases the depletion region, preventing current flow.Only a very small leakage current flows due to minority carriers.If the reverse voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage, the diode may enter avalanche breakdown or Zener breakdown (depending on the type of diode), causing a large current to flow and possibly damaging the diode.In summary, forward bias enables the diode to conduct electricity, while reverse bias prevents it from conducting, except in special cases like Zener diodes.
