Discuss the social, political, and economic problems of the Philippines in the 19th century.
Answer (1)
1. Social Problems a. Racial Discrimination and Social Hierarchy Philippine society was highly stratified based on race and class.The Mestizos (mixed race individuals) had some economic power but faced discrimination.b. Abuse by the Spanish FriarsThe Friars controlled vast lands and influenced politics, education, and daily life.c. Lack of Access to EducationEducation was limited to be the wealthy and elite.2. Political Problemsa. Spanish colonial rule and corruption The Governor General, appointed by Spain, ruled with absolute powerb. Lack or RepresentationFilipinos had no representation in the Spanish government c. Repressive Policies and Lack of FreedomThe Guardia Civil often abused and oppressed Filipinos3. Economic Problemsa. Encomienda System and Land MonopolyLand disputes often led to abuses and forced evictionsb. Forced Labor and Heavy TaxationHeavy tributes were imposed on native Filipinosc. Trade Restrictions and Economic Exploitation The Galleon Trade benefited Spanish merchants but limited local economic growth.
