10. Explain why solutions of HBr in benzene (a nonpolar solvent) are nonconductive, while solutions in water (a polar solvent) are conductive.
Answer (1)
Answer:The difference in conductivity between HBr solutions in benzene and water is due to the ability of the solvent to ionize HBr.1. HBr in Benzene (Nonpolar Solvent):Benzene is a nonpolar solvent and does not support ionization of HBr.Since HBr remains as neutral molecules in benzene, no free ions are available to conduct electricity.As a result, the solution is nonconductive.2. HBr in Water (Polar Solvent):Water is a polar solvent that can dissociate HBr completely into H⁺ (or H₃O⁺) and Br⁻ ions.These free-moving ions allow the solution to conduct electricity efficiently.HBr is a strong acid, meaning it fully ionizes in water, enhancing conductivity.Conclusion:The presence of free ions determines conductivity. In benzene, HBr remains as molecules, so there is no conductivity. In water, HBr fully ionizes, producing ions that carry electric charge, making the solution highly conductive.
