1.What are the four properties of gas? 2. Define the Boyle's law and explain why is it inversely proportional? 3. Define Charles law and explain why is it directly proportional? 4. Copy one example of each.
Answer (2)
1. Gases can expand, compress, exert pressure and mix with one another.2. Boyle’s Law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, provided the temperature and amount of gas remain constant. When pressure increases, gas molecules are forced closer together, decreasing the volume. Conversely, if pressure decreases, the volume expands. This inverse relationship keeps the gas behavior predictable.3. Charles’s Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, provided the pressure and amount of gas remain constant. When the temperature increases, gas particles move faster, causing expansion and increasing volume. If temperature decreases, the gas contracts.4. Boyle’s Law - A syringe filled with air, when you press the plunger, the air volume decreases, and pressure increases.Charles’s Law - A balloon expands when heated because the gas inside increases in volume as temperature rises.
Answer:1. Four Properties of Gases: Gases are characterized by four main properties: - Expansion: Gases expand to fill any container they occupy. They have no definite shape or volume. - Compressibility: Gases can be easily compressed into smaller volumes. This is because the particles in a gas are far apart. - Fluidity: Gases are fluids, meaning their particles can move past one another easily. This explains their ability to flow and diffuse. - Low Density: Gases have very low densities compared to liquids and solids. This is due to the large spaces between gas particles. 2. Boyle's Law: Boyle's Law states that the volume of a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature is inversely proportional to its pressure. This means that if the pressure increases, the volume decreases, and vice versa, as long as the temperature and amount of gas remain constant. Why is it inversely proportional? The inverse relationship stems from the behavior of gas particles. As pressure increases (e.g., by compressing the gas), the gas particles collide more frequently and forcefully with the container walls. To accommodate this increased force, the volume must decrease. Conversely, if pressure decreases, the particles collide less frequently and forcefully, allowing the gas to expand and occupy a larger volume. Example: A balloon filled with air at sea level (high pressure) will shrink if taken to a high altitude (low pressure) because the pressure on the outside of the balloon decreases, allowing the gas inside to expand. 3. Charles's Law: Charles's Law states that the volume of a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (in Kelvin). This means that if the temperature increases, the volume increases, and vice versa, as long as the pressure and amount of gas remain constant. Why is it directly proportional? The direct relationship arises from the increased kinetic energy of gas particles at higher temperatures. As temperature increases, the particles move faster and collide more forcefully. To maintain constant pressure, the volume must increase to give the particles more space to move around. Conversely, at lower temperatures, the particles move slower, requiring a smaller volume to maintain the same pressure. Example: A hot air balloon rises because the air inside the balloon is heated. This heated air expands, becoming less dense than the surrounding cooler air, causing the balloon to float. 4. Examples (one for each law): - Boyle's Law: A scuba diver's air tank contains a compressed volume of air. As the diver ascends, the pressure decreases, and the air expands. This is why divers must exhale as they ascend to avoid lung damage. - Charles's Law: A tire pressure gauge shows a higher reading on a hot summer day than on a cold winter day, even if the amount of air in the tire remains the same. The increased temperature causes the air molecules to move faster and expand the tire's volume slightly, increasing the pressure.
