Answer: - Reflection: Light bouncing off a surface.- Laws:1. Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection.2. All rays lie in the same plane.- Refraction: Light bending when passing through different mediums.- Laws:1. All rays lie in the same plane.2. Ratio of sine of incidence to sine of refraction is constant (index of refraction). Mirrors and Lenses - Mirrors: Reflective surfaces.- Spherical mirrors: Curved mirrors.- Concave: Reflects inward, converges light.- Convex: Reflects outward, diverges light.- Lenses: Transparent materials that refract light.- Converging (convex): Focuses light.- Diverging (concave): Spreads light.