1. What was the role of philosophers and thinkers in the French Revolution? Explain bygiving three examples.2. What measures were taken by Robespierre to bring equality in the French Society?3. State the events that led to the formation of the National Assembly.4. Trace the event which led to the fall of Bastille.5. Write three main features of the French Constitution of 1971.6. Trace rights which we are enjoying today had origin in the French Revolution.7. Explain the impact of the French Revolution on the life of people of French.8. Explain the role of Mirabeau and Abbe' Sieye's in the French Revolution.9. What was the role of Jacobins during the French Revolution?10. What was Lenin's 'April Theses'?11.Distinguish between the ideas of liberals and the radicals.12. Explain the views of different socialists and philosophers regarding the vision of thefuture or to transform the society.13. What conditions led to the Russian Civil War in 1918 - 1920? Give any four points.14. Explain the views of Karl Marx on capitalism.15. Explain the economic condition of the workers before the Russian Revolution.16. Describe the events that led to 1905 Revolution of Russia.17. What is meant by 'October revolution'?18. How did Russia's participation in the World War-I become a cause for the fall of Tsar?Explain.19. What social changes were seen in the society after industrialisation?20. Explain the collectivisation policy of Stalin.21.Trace any three main features of the foreign policy of Hitler.22. The Peace Treaty at Versailles with the Allies was a harsh and humiliating peace. Explainthe statement with any three examples.23. What was the ideology of the Nazis regarding the Jews?24. What was the Nazis ideology regarding motherhood?25. What were the provision of the famous Enabling Act?26.Describe the effect of Great Economic depression on Germany?27.Explain the impact of the First World War on European society and polity.
Answer (1)
Answer:Here are short answers to your questions: 1. Philosophers and Thinkers: They spread ideas of liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty, challenging the old regime. Examples: Rousseau's social contract, Locke's natural rights, Montesquieu's separation of powers.2. Robespierre's Measures: Abolished feudalism, promoted universal suffrage, and implemented price controls to help the poor.3. National Assembly Formation: The Third Estate, feeling underrepresented, declared itself the National Assembly, demanding equal voting power.4. Fall of Bastille: Fear of royal repression and a search for weapons led to the storming of the Bastille, a symbol of royal tyranny.5. French Constitution of 1958: Strong president, prime minister, and National Assembly, with a constitutional council.6. Rights from the French Revolution: Liberty, equality, fraternity, right to property, freedom of speech and press.7. Impact on French Life: Overthrew monarchy, abolished feudalism, established a republic, spread ideas of liberty and equality.8. Mirabeau and Abbe' Sieye's: Mirabeau was an orator who persuaded the king to accept the National Assembly. Abbe' Sieye's argued for the power of the Third Estate.9. Jacobins: Radical republicans who advocated for a republic and used terror to consolidate power.10. Lenin's 'April Theses': Called for a Soviet government, peace, land redistribution, and a socialist revolution.11. Liberals vs Radicals: Liberals wanted reform, radicals wanted revolution.12. Socialist Views: Utopian socialists envisioned ideal societies, Marxists aimed for a classless society, anarchists sought to abolish government.13. Russian Civil War: Bolshevik seizure of power, opposition from Whites, social and economic disruption, foreign intervention.14. Marx on Capitalism: Exploitation of workers, alienation of labor, inevitable revolution.15. Workers' Conditions: Low wages, long hours, lack of rights.16. 1905 Revolution: Bloody Sunday, widespread protests against Tsarist rule.17. October Revolution: Bolshevik seizure of power in October 1917, leading to the establishment of the Soviet Union.18. World War I and the Tsar: Russia's participation in the war led to economic hardship, military defeats, and public discontent, contributing to the Tsar's downfall.19. Social Changes After Industrialization: Urbanization, growth of factories, new social classes, increased poverty, and social unrest.20. Stalin's Collectivization: Forced collectivization of agriculture, aimed at increasing food production but led to famine and resistance.21. Hitler's Foreign Policy: Expansionism, aggression, and the pursuit of Lebensraum (living space).22. Treaty of Versailles: Harsh terms imposed on Germany, including territorial losses, heavy reparations, and limitations on military power.23. Nazi Ideology on Jews: Anti-Semitism, racial superiority, and the persecution of Jews as a threat to the Aryan race.24. Nazi Ideology on Motherhood: Emphasis on traditional gender roles, with women expected to be mothers and homemakers.25. Enabling Act: Granted Hitler dictatorial powers, effectively ending democracy in Germany.26. Great Depression in Germany: Economic collapse, mass unemployment, political instability, and rise of extremist ideologies.27. Impact of World War I: Massive casualties, social and economic disruption, rise of new ideologies, and political instability in Europe.
