Differentiate the following words then give at least one example each.1. Observation and Inference2. Prediction and Hypothesis3. Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, and Controlled or Constants
Answer (1)
Observation and InferenceObservation The act of noticing and recording something using your senses (sight, smell, touch, taste, hearing). It's about gathering information directly from the world around you.Example of Observation: You observe that the leaves on a tree are turning brown.Inference An interpretation or explanation based on your observations. It's a conclusion you draw from the information you've gathered.Example of Inference: You infer that the leaves are turning brown because it's autumn and the weather is getting colder.Prediction and HypothesisPrediction A statement about what you think will happen in the future, based on your observations and inferences. It's a guess about the outcome of an event.Example of Prediction: You predict that the leaves on the tree will fall off completely by the end of November.Hypothesis A testable explanation for an observation or phenomenon. It's a proposed answer to a question that can be tested through experimentation.Example of Hypothesis: You hypothesize that the change in temperature is the main factor causing the leaves to turn brown and fall off.Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, and Controlled or Constants.Independent VariableThe factor that is intentionally changed or manipulated by the experimenter. It's the "cause" in a cause-and-effect relationship.Example of Independent Variable: In an experiment testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth, the independent variable is the amount of fertilizer applied.Dependent Variable The factor that is measured or observed in an experiment. It's the "effect" in a cause-and-effect relationship.Example of Dependent Variable: In the same experiment, the dependent variable is the height of the plants.Controlled or ConstantsFactors that are kept the same throughout the experiment to ensure that any changes in the dependent variable are due to the independent variable.Example of Controlled or Constants: In the plant growth experiment, controlled variables might include the type of plant, the amount of water given, and the amount of sunlight the plants receive.
