Engineers need to monitor pH levels in various systems primarily for safety and health reasons. For drinking water, the ideal pH range is between 6.5 and 8.5. If the pH is too low (acidic), it can corrode pipes and leach harmful metals like lead and copper into the water supply. Conversely, if the pH is too high (alkaline), it can lead to unpleasant tastes and reduce the effectiveness of disinfectants like chlorine, making it essential to keep pH levels within a safe range.Quality control in production processes also relies heavily on pH monitoring. In sectors like food and beverage, pH affects taste, preservation, and safety. For example, certain foods require specific pH levels to prevent bacterial growth and spoilage. By keeping a close eye on pH, engineers can ensure that products meet quality standards and are safe for consumption.Additionally, pH influences process efficiency in many industrial applications. Small changes in pH can significantly impact chemical reactions, which is particularly important in processes like brewing beer or making cheese, where the right pH is vital for achieving the desired flavor and texture. Monitoring pH helps optimize production and reduce waste, ultimately benefiting the bottom line.