Directions: Observe carefully the following figures below. Identify each figure what principle/law being illustrated and predict which layer comes first (youngest) and last (oldest). Arrange them using the “letters” labeled A, B, C, D and so on. Write your answers in your notebook.
Answer (1)
Low/Principle: Law of Superposition ABCDELaw/Principle: Law of Lateral ContinuityAEDCBLaw/Principle: Cross-Cut RelationshipAFECDBLaw/Principle: Principle of InclusionEDABC1. Law of Superposition - Definition: In an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, the oldest layers are at the bottom, and the younger layers are at the top. This is because sediments are deposited in horizontal layers over time. - Application: This principle helps in determining the relative ages of rock layers, with the assumption that the original sequence has not been significantly disturbed.2. Law of Lateral Continuity - Definition: Layers of sediment initially extend laterally in all directions; in other words, they are laterally continuous over large areas. If a layer is observed to end abruptly, it may be due to erosion or faulting. - Application: This principle helps in correlating rock layers that are now separated by geographical features such as valleys or faults. It assumes that layers were originally deposited continuously across a region.3. Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships - Definition: A geological feature (like a fault or intrusion) that cuts through another feature must be younger than the feature it cuts. For example, if an igneous intrusion cuts through sedimentary rock layers, the intrusion is younger than the sedimentary layers. - Application: This principle helps in establishing the relative ages of geological events or features. The feature that does the cutting is younger compared to the feature being cut.4. Principle of Inclusion - Definition: If rock fragments (inclusions) are found within a rock layer, the inclusions must be older than the rock layer in which they are found. This is because the rock layer must have been deposited after the inclusions were already in place. - Application: This principle helps in determining the relative ages of rock units and their relationships. The rock containing the inclusions is younger than the rock from which the inclusions originated.These principles are fundamental for understanding geological history and establishing the chronological sequence of geological events.CARRH ON LEARNING!
