The 19th century was a time of great turmoil in the Philippines, marked by Spanish colonial oppression and injustices. Rizal witnessed firsthand the suffering of his people, the execution of innocent Filipinos, and the suppression of his own writings. These experiences ignited his love for his country and fueled his desire for reform. His exposure to European liberalism and nationalism during his studies abroad further strengthened his belief in Filipino self-determination. He ultimately dedicated his life to fighting for his country's freedom through his writings and activism.