Answer:In fruit flies, eye color is a sex-linked trait with red dominant over white:- **Males (XY)**: Red-eyed = X^R Y; White-eyed = X^w Y.- **Females (XX)**: Red-eyed = X^R X^R or X^R X^w; White-eyed = X^w X^w.**Crosses:**1. **Red-eyed male x White-eyed female**: Daughters are red-eyed carriers; sons are white-eyed.2. **Red-eyed female x White-eyed male**: Offspring have a mix of red and white eyes.